مص، مصباح الشريعة قَالَ الصَّادِقُ ع الْغِيبَةُ حَرَامٌ عَلَى كُلِّ مُسْلِمٍ مَأْثُومٌ صَاحِبُهَا فِي كُلِّ حَالٍ وَ صِفَةُ الْغِيبَةِ أَنْ تَذْكُرَ أَحَداً بِمَا لَيْسَ هُوَ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ عَيْبٌ وَ تَذُمَّ مَا يَحْمَدُهُ أَهْلُ الْعِلْمِ فِيهِ
وَ أَمَّا الْخَوْضُ فِي ذِكْرِ غَائِبٍ بِمَا هُوَ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ مَذْمُومٌ وَ صَاحِبُهُ فِيهِ مَلُومٌ فَلَيْسَ بِغِيبَةٍ وَ إِنْ كَرِهَ صَاحِبُهُ إِذَا سَمِعَ بِهِ وَ كُنْتَ أَنْتَ مُعَافًى عَنْهُ خَالِياً مِنْهُ تَكُونُ فِي ذَلِكَ مُبَيِّناً لِلْحَقِّ مِنَ الْبَاطِلِ بِبَيَانِ اللَّهِ وَ رَسُولِهِ ص وَ لَكِنْ عَلَى شَرْطِ أَنْ لَا يَكُونَ لِلْقَائِلِ بِذَلِكَ مُرَاداً غَيْرَ بَيَانِ الْحَقِّ وَ الْبَاطِلِ فِي دِينِ اللَّهِ
وَ أَمَّا إِذَا أَرَادَ بِهِ نَقْضَ الْمَذْكُورِ بِهِ بِغَيْرِ ذَلِكَ الْمَعْنَى فَهُوَ مَأْخُوذٌ بِفَسَادِ مُرَادِهِ وَ إِنْ كَانَ صَوَاباً فَإِنِ اغْتَبْتَ فَأُبْلِغَ الْمُغْتَابَ فَلَمْ يَبْقَ إِلَّا أَنْ تَسْتَحِلَّ مِنْهُ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَبْلُغْهُ وَ لَمْ يَلْحَقْهُ عِلْمُ ذَلِكَ فَاسْتَغْفِرِ اللَّهَ لَهُ
وَ الْغِيبَةُ تَأْكُلُ الْحَسَنَاتِ كَمَا تَأْكُلُ النَّارُ الْحَطَبَ أَوْحَى اللَّهُ تَعَالَى عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ إِلَى مُوسَى بْنِ عِمْرَانَ ع الْمُغْتَابُ إِنْ تَابَ فَهُوَ آخِرُ مَنْ يَدْخُلُ الْجَنَّةَ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَتُبْ فَهُوَ أَوَّلُ مَنْ يَدْخُلُ النَّارَ قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَ أَ يُحِبُّ أَحَدُكُمْ أَنْ يَأْكُلَ لَحْمَ أَخِيهِ مَيْتاً فَكَرِهْتُمُوهُ الْآيَةَ
وَ وُجُوهُ الْغِيبَةِ يَقَعُ بِذِكْرِ عَيْبٍ فِي الْخَلْقِ وَ الْخُلُقِ وَ الْعَقْلِ وَ الْمُعَامَلَةِ وَ الْمَذْهَبِ وَ الْجِيلِ وَ أَشْبَاهِهِ
وَ أَصْلُ الْغِيبَةِ تَتَنَوَّعُ بِعَشَرَةِ أَنْوَاعٍ شِفَاءِ غَيْظٍ وَ مُسَاعَدَةِ قَوْمٍ وَ تُهَمَةٍ وَ تَصْدِيقِ خَبَرٍ بِلَا كَشْفِهِ وَ سُوءِ ظَنٍّ وَ حَسَدٍ وَ سُخْرِيَّةٍ وَ تَعَجُّبٍ وَ تَبَرُّمٍ وَ تَزَيُّنٍ
فَإِنْ أَرَدْتَ السَّلَامَةَ فَاذْكُرِ الْخَالِقَ لَا الْمَخْلُوقَ فَيَصِيرَ لَكَ مَكَانَ الْغِيبَةِ عِبْرَةً وَ مَكَانَ الْإِثْمِ ثَوَاباً.
(The book) ‘Misbah Al Sharia’ –
‘Al-Sadiq-asws said: ‘The backbiting is prohibited unto every Muslim. Its doer is a sinner in all situations, and description of the backbiting is that you mention anyone with what isn’t a fault in the Presence of Allah-azwj and you condemn what the people of knowledge are praised for. And as for the delving in mentioning an absentee with what he is Condemned in the Presence of Allah-azwj, and its perpetrator is blamed regarding it, so it isn’t backbiting, and even if its perpetrator were to dislike it when he hears it, and you would be excused from it, vacant from it. During that you will be a clarifier of the truth from the falsehood, with the Clarification of Allah-azwj and His-azwj Rasool-saww. But, (it is) upon a condition that the transmitter of that will not happen to intend with that other than clarifying the truth and the falsehood in the religion of Allah-azwj. And as for when he intends by it to breaking the mentioned one with other than that meaning, so he will be seized with mischief as his intent, and even if he were to be right. If he backbites, then deliver to the backbiter that there does not remain (anything) except to be released from him; and if it does not reach him and the knowledge of that does not come across him, then you should seek Forgiveness of Allah-azwj for him. And the backbiting consumes the good deeds just as the fire consumes the firewood. Allah‑azwj the Exalted Mighty and Majestic Revealed to Musa Bin Imran-as: “The backbiter, if he were to repent, would be the last one to enter the Paradise, and if he does not repent, he will be the first one to enter the Fire. Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Said: Would one of you love to eat the flesh of his own dead brother? But, you would abhor it. And fear Allah, surely Allah is Oft-returning, Merciful [49: 12] – Verse. And the aspects of backbiting occur by mentioning a fault in the physique, and the manners, and the dealings, and the doctrine, and the ignorance and resembling it. And the original backbiting is a variant of ten variations – healing rage, and assisting a people, and accusation, and ratifying good without uncovering it, and evil thought, and envy, and mocking, and fascination, and dissatisfaction, and adorning. When you want the safety, then mention the Creator, not the created beings, so the lesson will come to be for you in place of the backbiter, and Reward in place of the sin’’. [336]
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