Hadith 44
الحديث 44
Bihar al-Anwar · Allamah al-Majlisi
فس، تفسير القمي يا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِذا ضَرَبْتُمْ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ فَتَبَيَّنُوا وَ لا تَقُولُوا لِمَنْ أَلْقى إِلَيْكُمُ السَّلامَ لَسْتَ مُؤْمِناً تَبْتَغُونَ عَرَضَ الْحَياةِ الدُّنْيا
فَإِنَّهَا نَزَلَتْ لَمَّا رَجَعَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص مِنْ غَزْوَةِ خَيْبَرَ وَ بَعَثَ أُسَامَةَ بْنَ زَيْدٍ فِي خَيْلٍ إِلَى بَعْضِ قُرَى الْيَهُودِ فِي نَاحِيَةِ فَدَكَ لِيَدْعُوَهُمْ إِلَى الْإِسْلَامِ وَ كَانَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْيَهُودِ يُقَالُ لَهُ مِرْدَاسُ بْنُ نَهِيكٍ الْفَدَكِيُّ فِي بَعْضِ الْقُرَى فَلَمَّا أَحَسَّ بِخَيْلِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص جَمَعَ أَهْلَهُ وَ مَالَهُ وَ صَارَ فِي نَاحِيَةِ الْجَبَلِ فَأَقْبَلَ يَقُولُ أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَ أَنَّ مُحَمَّداً رَسُولُاللَّهِ
فَمَرَّ بِهِ أُسَامَةُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ فَطَعَنَهُ وَ قَتَلَهُ فَلَمَّا رَجَعَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص أَخْبَرَهُ بِذَلِكَ فَقَالَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص قَتَلْتَ رَجُلًا شَهِدَ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَ أَنِّي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّمَا قَالَهَا تَعَوُّذاً مِنَ الْقَتْلِ
فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص فَلَا شَقَقْتَ الْغِطَاءَ عَنْ قَلْبِهِ لَا مَا قَالَ بِلِسَانِهِ قَبِلْتَ وَ لَا مَا كَانَ فِي نَفْسِهِ عَلِمْتَ
فَحَلَفَ أُسَامَةُ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ أَنَّهُ لَا يَقْتُلُ أَحَداً شَهِدَ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَ أَنَّ مُحَمَّداً رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص فَتَخَلَّفَ عَنْ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع فِي حُرُوبِهِ
وَ أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ فِي ذَلِكَ وَ لا تَقُولُوا لِمَنْ أَلْقى إِلَيْكُمُ السَّلامَ لَسْتَ مُؤْمِناً تَبْتَغُونَ عَرَضَ الْحَياةِ الدُّنْيا فَعِنْدَ اللَّهِ مَغانِمُ كَثِيرَةٌ كَذلِكَ كُنْتُمْ مِنْ قَبْلُ فَمَنَّ اللَّهُ عَلَيْكُمْ فَتَبَيَّنُوا إِنَّ اللَّهَ كانَ بِما تَعْمَلُونَ خَبِيراً.
Tafseer Al Qummi – O you who believe! When you strike (swords) in the Way of Allah, distinguish, and do not be saying for the one who casts the peace towards you, ‘He isn’t a Momin’. Are you seeking the life of the world? [4: 94]. ‘It was Revealed when Rasool-Allah-saww returned from the military expedition of Khyber, and he-saww sent Asama Bin Zayd among a cavalry to one of the Jewish towns around the area of Fadak, in order to invite them to. And there was a man from the Jews called Mardas Bin Naheyk Al-Fadaky in one of the towns. So when he sensed the cavalry of Rasool-Allah-saww, he gathered his family and his wealth and came to be near the mountain, and faced saying, ‘I testify that there is no god except Allah-azwj and Muhammad-saww is Rasool-Allah-saww’. Asama Bin Zayd passed by him, so he stabbed him and killed him. When he returned to Rasool-Allah-saww, he informed him-saww with that. So Rasool-Allah-saww said to him: ‘You killed a man who testified that there is no god except Allah-azwj and I-saww am Rasool-Allah-saww? ’ He said, ‘O Rasool-Allah-saww! But rather, he said it in order to seek refuge from being killed’. Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘But you neither removed the cover from his heart, nor did you accept what he said by his tongue, nor did you know what was within himself’. Asma vowed after that the he will not kill anyone who testified that there is no god except Allah-azwj and that Muhammad-saww is Rasool-Allah-saww. Thus, he stayed behind from Amir Al-Momineen-asws during his-asws battles. So Allah-azwj the Exalted Revealed regarding that: and do not be saying for the one who casts the peace towards you, ‘He isn’t a Momin’. Are you seeking the life of the world? But, in the Presence of Allah are abundant gains. Like that is how you used to be before, then Allah Favoured upon you. Therefore distinguish (first). Allah would always be Informed of what you are doing [4: 94]’’. [45]
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