ضا، فقه الرضا عليه السلام وَ نَرْوِي عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ص أَنَّهُ قَالَ: بُعِثْتُ بِمَكَارِمِ الْأَخْلَاقِ. أَرْوِي عَنِ الْعَالِمِ ع أَنَّ اللَّهَ جَلَّ جَلَالُهُ خَصَّ رُسُلَهُ بِمَكَارِمِ الْأَخْلَاقِ فَامْتَحِنُوا أَنْفُسَكُمْ فَإِنْ كَانَتْ فِيكُمْ فَاحْمَدُوا اللَّهَ وَ إِلَّا فَاسْأَلُوهُ وَ ارْغَبُوا إِلَيْهِ فِيهَا
فَقَالَ وَ ذَكَرَهَا عَشَرَةً الْيَقِينَ وَ الْقَنَاعَةَ وَ الْبَصِيرَةَ وَ الشُّكْرَ وَ الْحِلْمَ وَ حُسْنَ الْخُلُقِ وَ السَّخَاءَ وَ الْغَيْرَةَ وَ الشَّجَاعَةَ وَ الْمُرُوءَةَ
وَ فِي خَبَرٍ آخَرَ زَادَ فِيهَا الْحَيَاءَ وَ الصِّدْقَ وَ أَدَاءَ الْأَمَانَةِ. وَ أَرْوِي عَنِ الْعَالِمِ ع قَالَ مَا نَزَلَ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ أَجَلُّ وَ لَا أَعَزُّ مِنْ ثَلَاثَةٍ التَّسْلِيمُ وَ الْبِرُّ وَ الْيَقِينُ. وَ أَرْوِي عَنِ الْعَالِمِ ع أَنَّهُ قَالَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ جَلَّ وَ عَلَا أَوْحَى إِلَى آدَمَ ع- أَنْ أَجْمَعُ الْكَلَامَ كُلَّهُ فِي أَرْبَعِ كَلِمَاتٍ
فَقَالَ يَا رَبِّ بَيِّنْهُنَّ لِي
فَأَوْحَى اللَّهُ إِلَيْهِ وَاحِدَةٌ لِي وَ أُخْرَى لَكَ وَ أُخْرَى بَيْنِي وَ بَيْنَكَ وَ أُخْرَى بَيْنَكَ وَ بَيْنَ النَّاسِ
فَالَّتِي لِي تُؤْمِنُ بِي وَ لَا تُشْرِكُ بِي شَيْئاً وَ الَّتِي لَكَ فَأُجَازِيكَ عَنْهَا أَحْوَجَ مَا تَكُونُ إِلَى الْمُجَازَاةِ وَ الَّتِي بَيْنَكَ وَ بَيْنِي فَعَلَيْكَ الدُّعَاءُ وَ عَلَيَّ الْإِجَابَةُ وَ الَّتِي بَيْنَكَ وَ بَيْنَ النَّاسِ فَإِنْ تَرْضَى لَهُمْ مَا تَرْضَى لِنَفْسِكَ وَ تَكْرَهُ لَهُمْ مَا تَكْرَهُهُ لِنَفْسِكَ. وَ أَرْوِي أَنَّهُ سُئِلَ الْعَالِمُ ع عَنْ خِيَارِ الْعِبَادِ فَقَالَ الَّذِينَ إِذَا أَحْسَنُوا اسْتَبْشَرُوا وَ إِذَا أَسَاءُوا اسْتَغْفَرُوا وَ إِذَا أُعْطُوا شَكَرُوا وَ إِذَا ابْتُلُوا صَبَرُوا وَ إِذَا غَضِبُوا عَفَوْا.
(The book) ‘Fiqh Al-Reza-asws’, may the greetings be upon him-asws – from the Prophet-saww having said: ‘I-saww have been Sent with the honourable manners’’. [127]
It is reported from the Scholar-asws: ‘Allah-azwj, Majestic is His-azwj Majesty, Specialised His-azwj Rasools-saww with honourable mannerisms, therefore examine yourselves, for if these are within you, then praise Allah-azwj, or else so ask Him-azwj and be desirous to Him-azwj regarding these! ’
He (the narrator) said, ‘And he-asws mentioned these ten – the conviction, and the contentment, and the insight, and the gratefulness, and the forbearance, and good manners, and the generousity, and the self-esteem, and the bravery, and the chivalry’. And in another report, there is an increase in it: ‘The modesty, and the truthfulness, and fulfilling the entrustment’’. [128]
And it is reported from the Scholar-asws: ‘He-asws said: ‘Nothing has descended from the sky more majestic nor dearer than three – the submission, and the righteousness, and the convictions’’. [129]
And it is reported from the Scholar-asws having said: ‘Allah-azwj Majestic and Exalted Revealed to Adam-azwj: “I-azwj shall Summarise the speech, all of it, is in four phrases! ”
He-as said: ‘O Lord-azwj! Explain these to me-as! ’
Allah-azwj Revealed to him-as! One is for Me-azwj and another is for you-as, and another is between Me-azwj and you-as, and another is between you-as and the people. That which is for Me-azwj is you-as should believe in Me-azwj and not associate anything with Me‑azwj; and that w which is for you-as is, I-azwj will Recompense you-as about it as needy as you‑as can been to the Recompense; and that which is between you-as and Me-azwj, so upon you-as is to supplicate and upon Me-azwj is the Answering; and that which is between you-as and the people is that you-as should be pleased for them what you-as are pleased for yourself-as, and dislike for them what you-as dislike for yourself-as’’. [130]
And it is reported that the Scholar-asws was asked about the best servant, so he-asws said: ‘Those when they do good deeds, they are joyful, and when they do evil deeds they seek forgiveness, and when they are forgiven they are thankful, and when they are Tried they are patient, and when they are angered, they pardon’’. [131]
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